Timolol
Treatment for Glaucoma
Typical Dosage: One drop in affected eye(s) 1-2 times daily (0.25% or 0.5%)
Effectiveness
82%
Safety Score
70%
Clinical Trials
266
Participants
180K
Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)
Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
70
DangerousModerateSafe
Treatment Details
Dosage Range
One drop in affected eye(s) 1-2 times daily (0.25% or 0.5%)
Time to Effect
30 minutes (maximal 1-2 hours)
Treatment Duration
Lifetime
Evidence Quality
HIGHConfidence Score
95%confidence in effectiveness data
Health Economics
Annual Cost of Care
Drug Cost:$240
Monitoring:$600
Side Effect Mgmt:$100
Total Annual:$940
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Cost-Effectiveness Rating
EXCELLENTICER
$15,000/QALY
QALYs Gained
0.7
Outcome-Based Costs
Cost per Responder
$1,253
Comparison vs Latanoprost
Cost Difference
$-100/year
Less expensive
QALY Difference
-0.10 QALYs
Worse outcomes
Dominance
No dominance
Prescription Access Economics
Annual Societal Loss per Patient
$740
Cost of prescription-only barriers (visits, time, admin, price premium)
Physician Visit Cost
$360/year
Time Cost
$120/year
Travel + wait time
Insurance Admin Cost
$240/year
Prior auth, claims
Rx Price
$240/year
Potential OTC Price
$120/year
Estimated if OTC available
Early Treatment Benefit
+0.10 QALYs
From faster OTC access
Risk Assessment
Misuse Risk
MODERATEMissed Diagnosis Risk
HIGHRequires Monitoring
YesNeeds lab work/checkups
Timolol Outcomes
for Glaucoma
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+82%
Response Rate
+75%
Common Side Effects
Ocular stinging/burning
+7%
Dry eyes
+3%
Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
+2%
Bronchospasm (in susceptible individuals)
+0.5%
Headache
+3%
Sources:
Active Clinical Trials
1 active trial recruiting for Timolol in Glaucoma
Study of an Investigational Product, QLS-111, Provided as an Eyedrop, for Treatment of Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG)
NCT06030193RECRUITINGPHASE2
36 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Seoul, South Korea
Started: Aug 13, 2025
Completed Clinical Trials
16 completed trials for Timolol in Glaucoma
A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety Effects Using Mikelan® LA Ophthalmic Solution (OS) 2% Versus Timoptol® XE Ophthalmic Solution (OS) 0.5% in Ocular Hypertension Patients
NCT00972426COMPLETEDPHASE4
32 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Taipei, Taiwan
Started: Oct 1, 2009
A Comfort Survey of Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension Patients Treated With 2 Drugs
NCT00823043COMPLETED
103 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
San Diego, United States
Started: Jan 1, 2009
Comparison of Istalol™ 0.5% QD (Timolol Maleate/Sorbitol Complex, ISTA Pharmaceutical) to Brimonidine Tartrate 0.1% BID as Adjunctive Therapy to Latanoprost 0.005% in Adults With Ocular Hypertension (OHT) or Open-Angle Glaucoma (OAG)
NCT00698945COMPLETEDPHASE4
40 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Petaluma, United States
Started: Jun 1, 2008
Travoprost/Timolol vs Latanoprost/Timolol Fixed Combination Therapy
NCT01779284COMPLETEDPHASE4
42 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Thessaloniki, Greece
Started: Jan 1, 2012
Circadian Rhythms of Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Humans
NCT00572936COMPLETEDPHASE2
30 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Omaha, United States
Started: Mar 13, 2006
A Phase 3 Prospective, Randomized, Double-Masked, 12-Week, Parallel Group Study In Pediatric Subjects With Glaucoma.
NCT00716859COMPLETEDPHASE3
139 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Pembroke Pines, United States +47 more
Started: Jul 1, 2008
COSOPT (Timolol/Dorzolamide Combination) Normal Tension Glaucoma Study (MK0507A-161)(COMPLETED)
NCT00832377COMPLETEDPHASE2
37 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Started: Apr 24, 2009
24-hr Intraocular Pressure Control With Dorzolamide/Timolol vs the Brimonidine/Timolol Fixed Combination
NCT00972257COMPLETEDPHASE4
64 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Thessaloniki, Greece
Started: Jan 1, 2009
Impact of Timolol/Dorzolamide Therapy on Autoregulation in Glaucoma Patients
NCT02053298COMPLETEDPHASE4
30 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Leuven, Belgium
Started: Jan 1, 2014
Effect of Cosopt Versus Combigan on Retinal Vascular Autoregulation in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
NCT00824824COMPLETEDNA
21 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Boston, United States
Started: Jan 1, 2009
Patient Satisfaction With Timolol in Subjects With Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00804648COMPLETEDPHASE4
30 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Bourbonnais, United States +1 more
Started: Nov 1, 2008
Bimatoprost/Timolol Versus Travoprost/Timolol
NCT01542710COMPLETEDNA
80 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Cairo, Egypt
Started: Jan 1, 2011
Peripapillary Blood Flow After Use of Anti-glaucoma Medications: An OCT Angiography Study
NCT03323164COMPLETEDPHASE4
35 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Philadelphia, United States
Started: Jul 10, 2017
MK0507A Clinical Study in Patients With Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension (0507A-149)(COMPLETED)
NCT00449956COMPLETEDPHASE3
474 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
Started: Mar 12, 2007
Absorption and Safety of Topical Timolol to Treat Chronic Wounds
NCT04903366COMPLETED
40 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
Mather, United States
Started: Nov 21, 2017
A 6 Month Study Comparing Latanoprost With Timolol in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00751127COMPLETEDPHASE3
268 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
La Jolla, United States +16 more
Started: Jan 1, 1993
Showing 20 of 266 total trials