METHODOLOGY &
DATA SOURCES

How we designed the survey and the peer-reviewed evidence behind pragmatic clinical trials.

WHAT ARE PRAGMATIC TRIALS?

Pragmatic clinical trials test treatments in real-world healthcare settings using existing medical records and routine care, rather than creating expensive artificial research environments.

The landmark RECOVERY trial at Oxford University demonstrated this approach at scale: it enrolled 40,000+ patients across 176 NHS hospitals, identified effective COVID-19 treatments months ahead of traditional trials, and did so at lower cost per patient.

RECOVERY is estimated to have saved over 1 million lives worldwide by rapidly identifying that dexamethasone reduces COVID mortality by one-third.

TIMELINE COMPRESSION

At the current rate of ~15 diseases per year receiving a first effective treatment, finding treatments for all ~6,650 currently untreatable diseases would take an estimated years.

Scaling pragmatic trials with additional funding would increase clinical trial capacity by , compressing that timeline to approximately years.

KEY FINDINGS

COST REDUCTION

Pragmatic trials cost a fraction of traditional trials by using existing healthcare infrastructure.

CAPACITY INCREASE

Scaling pragmatic trials compresses the disease eradication timeline from years to years.

1M+
LIVES SAVED (RECOVERY)

RECOVERY's identification of dexamethasone as an effective treatment saved over 1 million lives globally.

MONTHS
VS. YEARS

Pragmatic designs deliver actionable results in months, while traditional trials can take 5-10 years.

SOURCES

  • RECOVERY Trial — Horby, P. et al. (2021). Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(8), 693-704.
  • Trial Cost Analysis — Martin, L. et al. (2017). How much do clinical trials cost? Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 16(6), 381-382.
  • Pragmatic Trial Design — Ford, I. & Norrie, J. (2016). Pragmatic Trials. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(5), 454-463.
  • RECOVERY Impact — Wellcome Trust (2022). The RECOVERY trial: one of the most important clinical trials ever run.

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